anna(chapman)
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After intensive nationwide campaigns led by Carrie Chapman Catt, Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, the militant Alice Paul, and others, an amendment reached Congress in 1914. Its defeat only accelerated efforts by suffragists, who lob- bied, paraded, picketed, lectured, signed petitions, went on hunger strikes, and chained themselves to the White House fence. World War I, with its de- mand for female war workers and its democratic rhetoric, weakened resis- tance, as did President Woodrow Wilson’s reluctant endorsement. Ratifica- tion of the amendment followed in August 1920. As Hilda L. Smith has observed, the woman suffrage movement was the most important democra- tic movement in American history, for it brought the vote to more people than any other drive to expand the franchise.。
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